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23andMe Announces Immediate Availability of Upgraded Genotyping Array, Now Testing Approximately One Million SNPs
MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA – November 24, 2010 – 23andMe announced today that the company has transitioned to the third version of the company's genotyping array. The new technology will allow the company to test approximately one million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Customers who purchase the 23andMe Personal Genome Service™ on or after Wednesday, November 24th will have their DNA tested on the new version of the array.
“With the introduction of our third generation chip, customers will now be tested on approximately one million SNPs, nearly doubling the number of SNPs tested,” said 23andMe Co-founder and CEO, Anne Wojcicki. “Over time, our customers will be able to get access to enhanced reporting about their DNA results through our Personal Genome Service™.”
23andMe has combined Illumina's HumanOmniExpress array with significant customization to create a more comprehensive testing platform. The new chip has backwards compatibility, ensuring the company can continue to provide reporting that is consistent with what it currently offers as well as improve and develop new reporting for the future. Below are just a few of the genotyping enhancements that are included:
•Increased coverage of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMET) as well as other genes associated with response to various drugs.
•Increased coverage of gene markers associated with Cystic Fibrosis and other Mendelian diseases such as Tay-Sachs.
•Denser coverage of the Human Leukocyte Antigen region, which contains genes related to many autoimmune conditions.
About 23andMe
23andMe, Inc. is a leading personal genetics company dedicated to helping individuals understand their own genetic information through DNA analysis technologies and web-based interactive tools. The company's Personal Genome Service™ enables individuals to gain deeper insights into their ancestry and inherited traits. The vision for 23andMe is to personalize healthcare by making and supporting meaningful discoveries through genetic research. 23andMe, Inc., was founded in 2006, and the company is advised by a group of renowned experts in the fields of human genetics, bioinformatics and computer science. More information is available at www.23andme.com.
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Contacts:
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Adam Isserlis, 212-843-8024, aisserlis@rubenstein.com
Friday, November 26, 2010
Monday, November 22, 2010
James Nickens,post from facebook with permission
James Nickens
For Freeman Family Descendants - Colvin, Drew, Grigsby, Mann, Nickens,& Tapscott
1840 Affidavit by Jane Collins, 82, of New Kent County, VA
...Molly Holt, Rhody Arnold, Billy Sampson, & Squire Osborn were the heirs of Revolutionary War soldiers John Freeman & Robert Mush. Bounty Land Warrant 2393 issued 1846 to Molly Holt, Thomas Samp...son, & Delphia Sampson, all heirs of Billy Sampson and Squire Osbourn.
Attorney John G. Ashby - "John Freeman was a Soldier of Infantry in the Continental Line and was the brother of Stephen, and in the same service as will be seen by the auditors certificates annexed".
Allowed March 17, 1840 -" The above three cases are allowed as soldiers in the Continental line for a service of three years each"
Throughout these documents the writing clerks have made reference to all persons as free people of color. Attorney Ashby makes clear that the free people of color in question are Indians.
" To the honorable executive of Virginia I beg leave to present on behalf of Squire Osborne, a freeman of color, the following claims for Land Bounty. It is proper to remark, that there were many Indians and free Negroes, and descendants of Indians in the Army of the Revolution, who not only served faithfully, but who have ....... rec'd Land Bounty of the Latter description are the persons now asking relief.".
Being referred to as "descendants of Indians" rather than "Indians" indicates that Squire Osborn was not living on a reservation. He was in fact across the Pamunkey River in New Kent County. The racial convention employed by Virginia was that Indians only lived on reservations. An Indian not residing on a reservation was at best considered to be a free person of color and at worse a mulatto or free Negro. To many whites such distinctions are apparently considered to be irrelevant. In order to construct and accurately interpret Virginia Indian history and genealogy such distinctions can be crucial.
Freeman's Ford across the Rappahannock River links Fauquier and Culpeper Counties. There are many Freemans in both Culpeper and Fauquier after the war. The John Freeman in question is identified as John Hoomes Freeman on the Culpeper side. Stephen Freeman is found in Fauquier.
If you really want to link-up some genealogy delve into the descendants of Indian traders John Freeman and John Arnold who bought land from and intermarried with the Chowanokes in North Carolina. This brings us to the Robbins/Drew area of inquiry. But that's another story.
© History Chasers
Click here to view all recent Historical Melungeons Blog posts
For Freeman Family Descendants - Colvin, Drew, Grigsby, Mann, Nickens,& Tapscott
1840 Affidavit by Jane Collins, 82, of New Kent County, VA
...Molly Holt, Rhody Arnold, Billy Sampson, & Squire Osborn were the heirs of Revolutionary War soldiers John Freeman & Robert Mush. Bounty Land Warrant 2393 issued 1846 to Molly Holt, Thomas Samp...son, & Delphia Sampson, all heirs of Billy Sampson and Squire Osbourn.
Attorney John G. Ashby - "John Freeman was a Soldier of Infantry in the Continental Line and was the brother of Stephen, and in the same service as will be seen by the auditors certificates annexed".
Allowed March 17, 1840 -" The above three cases are allowed as soldiers in the Continental line for a service of three years each"
Throughout these documents the writing clerks have made reference to all persons as free people of color. Attorney Ashby makes clear that the free people of color in question are Indians.
" To the honorable executive of Virginia I beg leave to present on behalf of Squire Osborne, a freeman of color, the following claims for Land Bounty. It is proper to remark, that there were many Indians and free Negroes, and descendants of Indians in the Army of the Revolution, who not only served faithfully, but who have ....... rec'd Land Bounty of the Latter description are the persons now asking relief.".
Being referred to as "descendants of Indians" rather than "Indians" indicates that Squire Osborn was not living on a reservation. He was in fact across the Pamunkey River in New Kent County. The racial convention employed by Virginia was that Indians only lived on reservations. An Indian not residing on a reservation was at best considered to be a free person of color and at worse a mulatto or free Negro. To many whites such distinctions are apparently considered to be irrelevant. In order to construct and accurately interpret Virginia Indian history and genealogy such distinctions can be crucial.
Freeman's Ford across the Rappahannock River links Fauquier and Culpeper Counties. There are many Freemans in both Culpeper and Fauquier after the war. The John Freeman in question is identified as John Hoomes Freeman on the Culpeper side. Stephen Freeman is found in Fauquier.
If you really want to link-up some genealogy delve into the descendants of Indian traders John Freeman and John Arnold who bought land from and intermarried with the Chowanokes in North Carolina. This brings us to the Robbins/Drew area of inquiry. But that's another story.
© History Chasers
Click here to view all recent Historical Melungeons Blog posts
Sunday, November 21, 2010
Letters concerning murder of Red Bird, John Sevier
Order, 1797 Mar. 19, Tennessee to the sherriff [sic] of Hawkins County, [Tennessee] / John Sevier
author: Sevier, John, 1745-1815 [Tennessee. Governor (1796-1801 : Sevier)]
date: March 19, 1797
extent: 4p
summary: This is an order issued by John Sevier, Governor of Tennessee (1796-1801, 1803-1809) to the sheriff of Hawkins County. Sevier states that he has been informed by the Governor of Kentucky of the murders of two Cherokees committed by Edward Mitchel(l) and John Levingston (also Levinston), both citizens of the state of Tennessee and inhabitants of Hawkins County. In compliance with the demand of Governor Garrard of Kentucky, Sevier commands the sheriff to apprehend the murderers and have them taken to the public jail of Kentucky. He also orders that all civil and military officers aid the sheriff in the capture and transport of the men. This document was signed and sealed on March 19th, 1797.
repository: Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, Tenn.
collection: Governor Sevier
State of Tennessee
To the Sherriff [Sheriff] of Hawkins County
Sir
I am just [added: now] informed by an express from the Governor of the state of Kentucky, that a Most Cruel daring and unprovoked murder was perpetrated by Edward mitcheland John Levingston, Citizens of this State And inhabitants of Hawkins county, on two indians [Indians] of the Cherokee Nation(one of the name of red Bird) who was hunting in the state of Kentucky, On the waters of Kentucky river.
The perpetration of [deleted: so] [added: Such [deleted: a] ] horrid and unwarranted [deleted: An] [added: an] Act is contrary to the treaties existing between The united Statesand the indian [Indian] tribes, as also All laws human and divine, and Such aggressions Ought to meet examplary [exemplary] and adequate punishment [deleted: According] [added: Suitable] to the demerit of [deleted: the] [added: their] Crimes, agreably [agreeably] to the laws
they have, so flagrantly and wantonly violated.
In conformity to the demand made by his Excellency the Governor of the State of Kentucky, and Agreably [Agreeably] to an act of Congress in such Cases made and provided: I do hereby command you, to take the Aforesaid Edward Mitcheland John Levingston, or either of them if to be found in your County, and them or either of them Safely and Securely to convey Unto the public Jail of Kentucky, then and there, them or either of them, you are to deliver unto the keeper thereof.
In order that you may be the better enabled to apprehend, take, and convey the said Edward mitcheland John Levingston, or either of them as aforesaid, you are hereby impowered [empowered] to apply to, and call upon, Any officer or officers, either Civil or Military Within this State, to furnish you with Such gaurd [guard] or Gaurds [Guards],
as may be adequate and necessary for the purpose of taking, and Safely conveying them, to the public Jail of Kentuckyas aforesaid. I also command And enjoin that all officers [deleted: both] Civil and military, [deleted: to] be aiding and assisting in having the aforesaid Edward Mitchelland John Levingstonapprehended And taken in order [added: that] they may be dealt with as the law in such Cases may direct.
Given under my hand and seal in Knoxvillethis 19th day of March 1797
Signed By the Governor
[Signed] John Sevier
Order
Sheriff Hawkins county
19th March 1797
Recorded
© History Chasers Click here to view all recent Historical Melungeons Blog posts
author: Sevier, John, 1745-1815 [Tennessee. Governor (1796-1801 : Sevier)]
date: March 19, 1797
extent: 4p
summary: This is an order issued by John Sevier, Governor of Tennessee (1796-1801, 1803-1809) to the sheriff of Hawkins County. Sevier states that he has been informed by the Governor of Kentucky of the murders of two Cherokees committed by Edward Mitchel(l) and John Levingston (also Levinston), both citizens of the state of Tennessee and inhabitants of Hawkins County. In compliance with the demand of Governor Garrard of Kentucky, Sevier commands the sheriff to apprehend the murderers and have them taken to the public jail of Kentucky. He also orders that all civil and military officers aid the sheriff in the capture and transport of the men. This document was signed and sealed on March 19th, 1797.
repository: Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, Tenn.
collection: Governor Sevier
State of Tennessee
To the Sherriff [Sheriff] of Hawkins County
Sir
I am just [added: now] informed by an express from the Governor of the state of Kentucky, that a Most Cruel daring and unprovoked murder was perpetrated by Edward mitcheland John Levingston, Citizens of this State And inhabitants of Hawkins county, on two indians [Indians] of the Cherokee Nation(one of the name of red Bird) who was hunting in the state of Kentucky, On the waters of Kentucky river.
The perpetration of [deleted: so] [added: Such [deleted: a] ] horrid and unwarranted [deleted: An] [added: an] Act is contrary to the treaties existing between The united Statesand the indian [Indian] tribes, as also All laws human and divine, and Such aggressions Ought to meet examplary [exemplary] and adequate punishment [deleted: According] [added: Suitable] to the demerit of [deleted: the] [added: their] Crimes, agreably [agreeably] to the laws
they have, so flagrantly and wantonly violated.
In conformity to the demand made by his Excellency the Governor of the State of Kentucky, and Agreably [Agreeably] to an act of Congress in such Cases made and provided: I do hereby command you, to take the Aforesaid Edward Mitcheland John Levingston, or either of them if to be found in your County, and them or either of them Safely and Securely to convey Unto the public Jail of Kentucky, then and there, them or either of them, you are to deliver unto the keeper thereof.
In order that you may be the better enabled to apprehend, take, and convey the said Edward mitcheland John Levingston, or either of them as aforesaid, you are hereby impowered [empowered] to apply to, and call upon, Any officer or officers, either Civil or Military Within this State, to furnish you with Such gaurd [guard] or Gaurds [Guards],
as may be adequate and necessary for the purpose of taking, and Safely conveying them, to the public Jail of Kentuckyas aforesaid. I also command And enjoin that all officers [deleted: both] Civil and military, [deleted: to] be aiding and assisting in having the aforesaid Edward Mitchelland John Levingstonapprehended And taken in order [added: that] they may be dealt with as the law in such Cases may direct.
Given under my hand and seal in Knoxvillethis 19th day of March 1797
Signed By the Governor
[Signed] John Sevier
Order
Sheriff Hawkins county
19th March 1797
Recorded
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Sunday, November 7, 2010
Hawkins County, TN Guidebook
Hawkins County Guidebook
The Guidebook is in PDF format and is 30 MB in size. You may view it here or download it and print it out.
© History Chasers Click here to view all recent Historical Melungeons Blog posts